Building the brain: an experience-dependant process

Building the brain: an experience-dependant process

Darcia Narvaez writes that babies are born with most neurons in place but most networks are yet to be developed. This development accounts for 75% of adult brain weight. Brain development is an experience-dependant process. Prenatal and postnatal periods are times of...
Harlow’s monkeys and early neglect

Harlow’s monkeys and early neglect

A psychologist called Harry Harlow conducted a study in which he separated baby monkeys from their mothers at birth and raised them in a cage with a wire-mesh ‘mother’ and a cloth ‘mother’. The wire-mesh mother offered food from a milk bottle attached to its chest...
The development of early attachment

The development of early attachment

Attachment is the powerful bond of love that exists between a caregiver and a child (or between any two people at any stage). Attachment is at the core of infancy, as well as all stages throughout the life span. Proximity seeking behaviour refers to our need to be...
The neurobiology of early toxic stress

The neurobiology of early toxic stress

Darcia Narvaez describes the affect of early stress on the infant’s developing neurobiology in her 2014 book on human morality. A new-born has few systems that are fully operational. The survival systems are in place but are further conditioned by the kind of...